Guasha Movie Review

The film Guasha’s setting is in America. It recounts to an anecdote about the contentions emerged by the way of life contrasts between the Chinese an American. Xu Datong, a Chinese outsider, had made an incredible accomplishment in the field of computer game structure. At some point, Datong’s little child, Denis had a stomachache. The granddad, who just came to join the family, utilized Guasha treatment to fix Denis’ stomachache. The treatment made Dennis’ back beat up, which later turned into the proof of kid misuse. Datong took all the obligations regarding his father.Although he attempted to clarify that Guasha is a customary Chinese treatment however neglected to convince the appointed authority. He had to isolate from his better half and child. Notwithstanding, the story had an upbeat closure. Datong’s supervisor experienced Guasha and got the family out of the difficulty. Toward the start of the film, Datong appeared to have understood his Ame rican dream, for he had an effective vocation, a dazzling spouse and a delightful youngster. He accepted that America was a genuine place where there is openings and outsiders could turn into the really fruitful Americans by working hard.However, life isn't in every case loaded with roses. The American dream broke for the time being because of the Guasha treatment to his own kid. We can’t tell it is the American or the Chinese that did an inappropriate things. The social contrasts and nearby laws shouldn’t be disregarded by settlers. The primary line of the film was the Guasha treatment. The youngsters government assistance association blamed Datong for mishandling his kid. Like other Chinese, Datong assumed that Guasha was only a common clinical treatment. Be that as it may, the American didn’t think so.He attempted to safeguard himself however neglected to win the claim. As he didn’t have a viable correspondence, he neglected to convince the American ev en his old buddy that Guasha was a clinical treatment. Later his old buddy went to encounter Guasha and understood that what he said was valid. At the point when he was denounced, he neglected to learn ahead of time the American lawful framework and methodology and accomplished something silly, which put him into inconveniences over and over. Likewise the Chinese â€Å"face† culture is appeared in the film, which can’t be comprehended by the American.Datong beat Dennis on the head since he didn’t need to express sorry to Paul, child of Datong’s chief. His manager thought kids’ battle was not a serious deal. In spite of the fact that he didn’t think his child wasn't right, he beat him before his manager to demonstrate his regard to his chief. His conduct later turned into the proof that he was a vicious dad. Another distinction is regarding and caring matured guardians. Datong’s manager couldn’t comprehend why he’d made a substitute for his dad. Datong’s spouse essentially depended â€Å"because he is a Chinese.† Datong’s social convictions were so profoundly set that it’s unthinkable for him consider the results of lying. Social contrasts will undoubtedly be there because of the distinctions in context of reasoning, history, geology, method of lead and so forth. So do as Rome does while in Rome. It’s important to have the intercultural mindfulness, endure and adjust to the social decent variety. Successful correspondence could be an approach to settle the social contrasts. After the correspondence the world would be more congruity later on. I think that’s why the saint named Datong in Chinese.

How to Write on Lined Paper Online

How to Write on Lined Paper OnlineYou will find it easier to write on lined paper online than you ever would with a plain paper. It is much easier to coordinate colors and styles when using lined paper for your writing.By selecting lined paper for writing, you may have an easier time managing your writing style. You will be able to see the margins that you need to use. They are spaced at the sides of the page rather than all along the edge.Since lined paper is more expensive, you may want to keep some of the money for other things. If you really want to learn how to write on lined paper online, it is important to do some research. Try to find a reliable website that will give you the most information about lined paper for writing.Write on lined paper is also available in a variety of sizes. This is particularly helpful if you want to get writing done at home or in a classroom. However, you need to make sure that you can fit the number of people in the class. Having too many people in a class can slow down the class, but not having enough people in the class can have a negative effect on your assignment.You will find that lined paper for writing is more expensive than plain paper. The reason for this is that it is made from high quality, dense paper. Lined paper will last longer than non-lined paper.Once you learn how to write on lined paper online, you will be able to write like a pro. Since you have a clear idea of how the paper will look, you will be able to put your own ideas into your writing. This will help you enjoy your work.Whenyou write on lined paper online, you will have more choices of fonts than you ever could with plain paper. There are hundreds of fonts for lined paper, including custom fonts that you create yourself. With your choice of fonts, you will be able to make your work stand out from the rest of the paper.When you learn how to write on lined paper online, you will be able to take your work anywhere. Whether you write in class, at home, or at the office, you will be able to create great work. You will be able to start your writing on lined paper online at any time and enjoy the results for many years to come.

Timbre In The First Movement Of La Mer

Timbre In The First Movement Of La Mer Timbre is the nature of a melodic note or sound or tone that recognizes various kinds of sound creation, for example, voices or instruments. Here and there timbre is otherwise called tone quality or tone shading. La Mer is an instrumental sythesis by Claude Debussy. The piece started its life in 1903 in France and was done in Eastbourne in 1905. Its first execution had blended audits potentially because of the stressed relationship he had with his better half and furthermore a few pundits said it didn't make any vibes of the ocean. The symphony that debuted the piece was likewise inadequately practiced. In this paper I will recognize the fundamental classifications of timbre utilized by Debussy in the principal development, De laube à midi sur la mer from La Mer. I am demonstrating how timbre is utilized fundamentally through the course of the work, with away from of basic focuses and connections between the segments. I will likewise show how timbre in this first development is basic contrasted with different parameters. As we probably am aware Debussy was intensely identified with impressionism which was commanded by environment and the utilization of recommendation. Debussy utilizes timbre to propose shading, state of mind and climate, as would Monet or Renoir in their own canvases. Specifically, one of Debussys most noteworthy impacts when making La Mer was the Japanese craftsman Hokusai. In his composition The Great Wave of Kanogawa he shows a distinctive however interesting, ground-breaking wave breaking with froth and shower smashing, making a scene of fear. This canvas is fundamentally the same as Debussys first development, which is unclear yet additionally has snapshots of fear in it. This can be seen at bar 84 here the new segment begins. Today, La Mer is exceptionally respected on account of its ground-breaking formation of hues and Debussys replication of the ocean. Debussys one of a kind work of these manifestations have more than unquestionably proceeded to impact numerous later scores, for example, you may discover inside the film business in light of its intriguing environment. For instance, John Williams Jaws. As a rule, La Mer has been persuasive on numerous contemporary soundtrack arrangers as a result of its exceptionally intriguing and irritable air. The structure of this piece was very not quite the same as different pieces made around a similar time. Debussy accommodates his structure around the temperaments, excursion and life of the ocean with no human component, only simply about nature. We can see through numerous books and online articles how significant timbre was to Debussy. Caroline Potter in Debussy and Nature portrays that Debussys portrayal of the ocean maintains a strategic distance from tedium by utilizing a large number of water figurations that could be delegated melodic sound to word imitation: they bring out the impression of influencing, development of waves and recommend the sound of falling beads of shower. We realize that melodic sound to word imitation is firmly connected with explicit instruments, so Debussy likely picked the instruments with a timbre he felt identified with the ocean, for example, the flute solo toward the start of the development at bar 44 which may give the impression of a fowl taking off over the ocean: It has a desolate character, conceivably an ocean winged animal. Debussy additionally went a phase further when making sounds identified with the ocean. Simon Trezise states in the Cambridge Companion to Debussy that for quite a bit of La Mer, Debussy rejects the more clear gadgets related with the ocean, wind, and accompanying tempest for his own, profoundly singular jargon Debussy gives a pictoral title for his clench hand development from Dawn to Noon on the Sea. Regardless of whether this was deliberate to give an exacting name for his first development is obscure yet the work positively creates photos of the sea. Through the primary development we can hear the delicate swells and sparkling surfaces of the ocean to the breaking of the waves on the shoreline. Maybe through the calmer pieces of the development it proposes that under the ocean it is quiet and perpetual yet on a superficial level is an ever-evolving picture. La Mer is part into three unique developments the first being From Dawn to Noon on the Sea with brisk timbral changes to propose the oceans extraordinary, consistently evolving natures. From Dawn to Noon on the Sea is based upon short scenes, which utilize various instruments to propose the different timbres of the ocean. Debussy builds up this to a brilliant recommendation of the expanding of waves, as a topic for partitioned cellos grows and dies down this is comparably duplicated by the timpani and horns. These scenes can likewise be heard in the last phases of the last development. In the principal development of La Mer, Debussy wonderful utilization of timbre can be seen. As Paul Henry Lang noticed, its a vibrating, wavering, flashing sound complex, touching the faculties in which Debussy once in a while utilizes the full mass of the ensemble, yet moves toward it with delicacy and genius to gleam in a thousand hues. Subsequently, Debussy separates his strings into independent lines, consolidates the hints of differentiating instruments, utilizes provocative harmonies with equal chordal development and uncertain movements, and messes around with topical pieces that never combine into out and out songs, all to accomplish remarkable, yet completely normal, sounds and timbres. Pierre Boulez considers the outcome an endlessly adaptable origination of acoustical instrumental connections that kept away from evenness, an improvement imagined in emotions and final to a conventional old style plan. As noted in the presentation, La Mer was not normal for some other piece created at that point. He utilizes timbre as a comparative with the structure of La Mer. The opening set apart at pp begins with strings and harps. This timbre makes a still and quiet opening, potentially speaking to the principal light at first light. Instruments are then bit by bit included, for example, the moving of timpani, with the profound, dull sound of the twofold bass, maybe giving a feeling of whats to come just as standing out from the harps and strings. Additionally at the opening our feeling of heartbeat is equivocal. The harps mirror this by playing in octaves in their lower register, together with the cellos additionally in octaves; creating a dull and full stable, which mixes with the foundation. The start of this development gives an unadulterated orchestrated and supernatural impact to copy the quiet of the ocean at first light. As the sun gradually ascends, at bars 1-5 the violas, multiplied at the octave, include their rising pentatonic tune, which gives feeling of a new and new beginning to the day. At bar 31 the primary chief segment follows. This piece of the development develops and builds up its own material, being for the most part free. Nonetheless, we can see it is as yet dependent on the opening, with a couple of various components overlooked. For example at bar 33, we can see that the flutes pentatonic theme is multiplied by the clarinets at the octave beneath. The utilization of the pentatonic song may recommend an oriental flavor. The utilization of the flutes that rule the empty sequential fifth have a comparable timbre to that of the Chinese woodwind. As Debussy was firmly identified with the craftsmanship development of the time, this maybe can be identified with Debussys inclination to The Great Wave off Kanagawa. Out of sight to this, the subsequent violins and violas wave-like ostinato figure recommends the gleaming, dull surface of the ocean, while the cellos more extensive territory and increasingly dynamic movement may start to suggest greater development of the ocean underneath the surface. In this area, the harps likewise play moving harmonies that include reverberation and recommend the tenacious beams of the sun. The subsequent chief segment of the development begins at bar 84. Up until this point, the cellos have assumed just a join job by proposing the profundities of the sea. We would now be able to see another theme that Debussy utilizes at bar 86. Debussy utilizes the four section isolated cellos to overwhelm the vibrancy. This is something that is an unordinary course of action in Debussys coordination. At the auxiliary evolving point, Debussy again utilizes the cellos to make a full, emphatically enunciated and extraordinary resonation, joined with the expanding of the moving timpani and the horns, to declare and bring us into another area. This extreme change could propose thundering thunder or a moderate yet enormous flood of the ocean during a tempest, assembling its capacity to strike out on a huge stone. This is then trailed by a short intermission from bars 122-133. This ten bar area comprises of two in number purposes of four bars with just minor variety in the last four bars. A two bar augmentation is then included. Now in the piece we can hear that the force is slack and the ocean has gotten uneventful. This can be found in the timbre utilized in this specific segment. In the event that we take a gander at the string area they are coordinated to play Sur la Touch. This makes a delicate, dull tone quality, which mirrors the uneventful ocean underneath. We at that point move into the last segment (coda) of the piece. We can see that the harps light ringing timbre, as they play arpeggios in a high register, is utilized to utilize an impact of light. This is differentiating to the low full and dim sound to start with. This impact delivers a brilliant tone shading and adds a reasonable explanation to the gathering. This proposes the noontime picture of the sea loaded up with the quality of the sun at its most noteworthy point. The Trombones likewise make their first section in La Mer, making a colossal feeling of the disturbing intensity of the ocean. As the music progresses towards an astonishing tutti finishing, the chorale represents the early afternoon sun blasting through the ocean fog after the uneventful tranquility of the recess. The sparkling climate of the early afternoon proposed in the title is distinctively introduced. Debussys utilization of timbre is central all through La Mer and maybe is more critical than different parameters that different writers may normally depend on, for example, tonality and structure. Anyway for Debussy, the utilization of timbre is significant while recreating and reproducing the hints of the extraordinary sea. The timbres he has utilized all through ref

How Can Custom Collage Papers Help Me?

How Can Custom Collage Papers Help Me?Custom Collage Papers is materials created specifically for the purpose of creating collages. The creation of these papers is an excellent option for the use of large groups of people in unique and creative ways. What makes them even more popular among non-artists is that the materials are inexpensive, and almost anyone can create beautiful custom collages using them.Custom collage papers are usually used as wall hanging decorations. They make wonderful additions to the home decor. The best part about these papers is that they come in many styles, shapes, and sizes to fit every need and theme of the homeowner. You can choose from hundreds of different kinds of materials for the creation of these papers, and that choice alone will have you decided for many months as to which design and style of paper to use.These papers are not only decorative but also very useful for anyone wishing to express their feelings on life through art. They may also be u sed for classroom projects. The possibilities are almost endless!Customized or personalized custom collage papers can include almost anything, from a page of pictures to a document, business card, book, or song lyrics. It is best to begin with a basic theme and then work out the details of your customized piece. This can be done by finding a general theme that you would like to highlight, or just choose an image from the camera, painting, or collage format that you prefer.Once you have selected a general theme, then you can begin to get more specific with your paper's design and color choices. For example, if you know that you want to have the paper in gold and silver metallic colors, you can go from there and work out the details of your paper's texture, shape, size, and other design elements.Some communities and traditions still follow the older days of papercollage where the text and images were typed and printed. These are some of the times when people find comfort and ease in h aving a tangible item that can be placed in the home for years to come. Today the craze for custom paper allows everyone to create their own works of art, no matter what their personal preferences.Custom paper creates great creativity in each person who designs and creates his/her own piece. There is nothing quite like the feeling of creating a masterpiece with your own hands.

Economic Depression and Recovery Essay - 1021 Words

The President’s plan for economic recovery cannot be based on the stimulus package that he has presented. There are many factors to economic recovery that need to be worked on, and the stimulus package is small compared to what really needs to be done. The whole country needs to have a turn around—financially, responsibly, and economically to be the greatest nation in the world, once more. This is a responsibility of the government, as well as the people to respond with our choices that will help us grow and recover. The foreclosure market is a crisis that is surrounded by other factors to help it re-cover. The economy needs to be turned around by: †¢ Job Growth and Expansion †¢ Stop Over-Taxing †¢ Stop Government Spending †¢ Curb†¦show more content†¦We need to collect the debt owed to us from every country we have helped out, and use that money for infrastructure of this country. If we run this country like a business, and do our accounts receivable department, we could turn this around. Curb The Housing Crisis: The government started the ordeal with Acorn, and agencies as such that gave credit to people who did not deserve it. The only foreseeable way of relieving this crisis is to allow the homeowners to have very low percentage rates until the economy and jobs situation turn around. They need to keep their homes, and need to provide for their families. The banks and lending institutions need to recognize there will be no more customers, if there isn’t any money to distribute. They need to lower the interest rates to be more affordable-a â€Å"tightening of the belt† on all financial agencies to produce more people paying their mortgages, and making the payments on time. The people need stability to make these things happen, and they need the support of the lower costs for their future. There are other ways to curb the mortgage and foreclosure crisis: †¢ Eliminate the IRS †¢ Property Tax Deferment †¢ Eliminate County and State Taxes †¢ Amnesty for Borrowers ïÆ' ° By eliminating the IRS, Americans would not have the unnecessary taxes imposed upon them, and they would have extra cash to afford mortgages, and car payments, and survive. ïÆ' ° Property tax deferment would allowShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of America1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression in America is often believed to have ended when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour and the US entered WWII in December 1941. However, while an exact end date is a matter of debate, it’s obvious the end of the Great Depression correlates somewhat with the beginning of the war, leading many to believe WWII must have ended the Great Depression and triggered the economic recovery of the United States. Many historians believe that the government and military spending restimulatedRead MoreThe Worst Economic Depression Ever Felt Theu.s. Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe worst economic depression ever felt in U.S. history was not only felt in north America, but this also became a worldwide economic slump. The Great Depression caused by many factors raised a question of how will the we take a step into recovery. The Election of president Franklin D . Roosevelt in 1932 was the beginning of the shaping of the U.S. government interaction with American citizens. Roosevelts campaign helped him win the election of 1932 with his laudable ideas of how to combat the effectsRead MoreHow Roosevelt And His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression1395 Words   |  6 PagesAnd His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression The traditional view of Franklin D. Roosevelt is that he motivated and helped the United States during the â€Å"Great Depression† and was a great president, however, as time has passed, economist historians have begun analyzing Roosevelt’s presidency. Many have concluded that he did not help America during the Great Depression but instead amplified and prolonged the depression. Jim Powell wrote about FDR economic policies and did an excellent job explainingRead MoreHow did the New Deal Assist Recovery from the Great Depression?1638 Words   |  7 Pagesreform help the United States economy recover from the world wide Great Depression ? Thesis: The New deals legislation has played a very integral part in helping recovery effort during the great depression because it led to a greater employment, and restored the security in the American economy. Although not perfect, the new deal success ultimately set the precedent for future progressive reform during times of economic depression and recession. B. Summary of Evidence: 1920s AmericanRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Roaring Twenties1475 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought about the Great Depression, which ended this era. Franklin Delano Roosevelt felt compelled to do something to bring America back to its former prosperous self. Roosevelt created the New Deal, a series of government programs and laws intended to fix the economic issues plaguing America. This plan consisted of what is known as the three ‘R’s, that is relief, recovery and reform. Relief was the effort to help one-third of the people out of world in the country. Recovery was the effort to restoreRead MoreThe New Deal : The United States And The American People1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Deal The 1930’s was a decade filled with economic crisis, a loss of prosperity and crucial challenges that have called for problematic times in American history. The Great Depression, which started in 1929 and ended in the early 1940’s, was a relentless global economic collapse that had numerous catastrophic effects on American society. Throughout the course of American history, many distinct presidents have made significant decisions regarding the progression of the United States and theRead MoreEssay And What I Say552 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Depression lasted from October 24, 1929 until the economic recovery of the 1940s. On October 29, Black Thursday, the stock market crashed heavily, and continued to fall sharply throughout the coming weeks. As a result, the United States and the world were thrown into a decade of poverty and unemployment. The depression affected all sectors of the economy. Farm owners and agricultural workers suffered from falling crop prices . Businesses failed from a lack of investment support and a declineRead More The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal During the 1930s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking theRead MoreEconomic Theory : The Great Depression1734 Words   |  7 Pagesmany opportunities to learn the lessons of economic theory but The Great Depression is a particularly relevant historical event when discussing economics. It is a defining event in the history of America as politics and economics intertwined, transforming the role of the federal government in the economy. Due to the length, severity and global effects an entire decade is known as the Great Depression. Theories continue to be debated on how or why the Depression took place and the reasons for its eventualRead MoreTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 Pagescoordinating authorities or public bodies was weak. Prior to 1930, there was a degree of freedom of business activity, protected from state interference, without any parallel with the business environment, which was more regulated after the Great Depression. The First World War was beneficial to the North American economy. They were separated by the Atlantic Ocean from the conflict, and became the major suppliers of essential supplies for survival and support for their allies. But the American society

Hiroshima And Nagasaki And Hiroshima - 1353 Words

I had the feeling that all the human beings on the face of the earth had been killed off, and only the five of us (his family) were left behind in an uncanny world of the dead (â€Å"Bombing†). This was the account of a little boy in fifth grade who had survived the tragedy of Hiroshima in 1945. Both Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombings of Japanese cities by the United States during World War II. Of the thousands of people who died, the horrific tellings of what they saw and what happened to them is a blemish on history. Without a doubt, these actions changed the perspective on war, as this was the only time atomic weapons have ever been used. The events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki not only altered history, but had a devastating and influential†¦show more content†¦The city had very high security and everything was confidential. No one was allowed to have checks with his or her name or have a bank account. Babies born had nothing but a post office number on their birth certificates, and children were even enrolled in school without last names. All of this secrecy was a request from both the president and General Groves(Claypool 43-45). Once order was restored and security was implanted they could more easily focus on the mission itself. Their goal of creating the first ever atomic bomb was extremely difficult, and it was unknown if it could even be accomplished. This was possibly the most difficult project any of the scientist had ever been a part of and they all knew this would not be a simple feat. When the bomb had been finished and tested, it was up to Truman to decided if and when to use it. Knowing that if he used it the war would be over, but thousands of innocent people would be killed, it was a very difficult decision to make (O’Neal 22-25). Together Truman, a team of scientist, and high ranking military officials decided the best way to go about the bombing of the city. Knowing that the Japanese would have no choice other than to surrender, but that they would not be willing to do so until their last man was killed, it was obvious that the war would last for many more months, possibly years, with thousands more casualties. A warning was given to Japan saying that if they refused toShow MoreRelatedHiroshima And Nagasaki And Hiroshima1181 Words   |  5 Pages Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hiroshima and Nagasaki most known cities in Japan for the explosion of the two atomic bombs(Little Boy and Fat Man)The world changed irrevocably 70 years ago,on August 6,1945 when the United States dropped the first nuclear (bomb) weapon in the history of the civilian population of Hiroshima ,Japan.Three days later ,the second and ,to date ,final atomic weapon used against human targets was dropped on Nagasaki ,Japan.Hundred of thousands were killed.Many horrifically burnedRead MoreHiroshima And Nagasaki Bombing Of Hiroshima1206 Words   |  5 PagesWar Two Hiroshima and Nagasaki Bombing The Bombing In 1945, the US dropped 2 atomic bombs on the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, causing hundreds of thousands civilian deaths. 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Their ideologies, however, contrasted greatly, and the once allied nations would turn against each otherRead MoreA Short Note On Hiroshima And Nagasaki And Hiroshima1601 Words   |  7 PagesMight have been those nuclear besieging about japan (HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI) to 1945 NECESSARY?. Prologue. Then afterward America required effectively tried the nuclear shell over mid-July 1945, those united states president might have been willing to utilize it Likewise a standout amongst those weapons of finishing the second world war. In spite of those confirmation assembled starting with the testing f rom claiming this shell that it required sweeping impacts over different typical bombs, PresidentRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1422 Words   |  6 PagesPapas 1 Hiroshima â€Å"For those who were there and who survived to recall the moment when man first turned on himself the elemental forces of his own universe, the first instant was pure light; blinding intense heat ... if there was a sound no one heard it. The initial flash spawned a succession of calamities. First came the heat. It lasted only an instant but was so intense that it melted roof tiles, fused the quartz crystals in granite blocks ... and incinerated humans so thoroughly that nothingRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1174 Words   |  5 PagesMorality of The Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki There have been various arguments regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that continually surface as to whether it was necessary or morally right to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. Depending upon whose side of the argument you have heard causes one to question whether this was a morally right or wrong decision that was made. Serious reconciliation is needed due to this event, and both sides of the argument need to be strongly consideredRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1593 Words   |  7 Pages Bombing of Hiroshima On August 8th 1945 the first atomic weapon, a fission bomb, was dropped on the city of Hiroshima in an attempt to force the Japanese to surrender in World War II (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2009). This event exposed the danger of nuclear energy. This massive explosion demolished 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people. This was only the beginning though, tens of thousands of innocent people died due to the aftermath of radiation exposure for anotherRead MoreThe Crime Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1543 Words   |  7 PagesThe Crime of Hiroshima and Nagasaki â€Å"For those who were there and who survived to recall the moment when man first turned on himself the elemental forces of his own universe, the first instant was pure light; blinding intense heat ... if there was a sound no one heard it. The initial flash spawned a succession of calamities. First came the heat. It lasted only an instant, but was so intense that it melted roof tiles, fused the quartz crystals in granite blocks ... and incinerated humans so thoroughlyRead MoreThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The United States was completely unjustified in dropping the atomic bomb because it was used so we could have a sense of â€Å"power† over the rest of the world. President Harry Truman had paid no heed to his prior statements as to the intended use of the bomb; and not only had it violated the Hague Convention, but it also caused lifelong repercussions for Japan’s land and people. The United States, nearly 70 years later, has yet to apologize to the victims orRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1720 Words   |  7 PagesPart A: Plan of Investigation To what extent did the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan justified? The Manhattan project was the reason the bomb, ‘Little Boy’ and ‘Fat Man’ were dropped in Japan. The Manhattan project was created because America was frightened, that Germany was already creating nuclear bombs. (http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki) So, America started the project in 1949. The reason Japan became the target was because, Japan

Influence of Transformational Leadership-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Analyse the Leadership Qualities demonstrated by Elon Musk. 2.Discuss about Transformation Leadership. 3.How the lessons from this case can be applied to a school or classroom Environment. Answers: 1.The term leadership, as per the concerned article, does not have one unanimous scientific definition due to its immensely broad scope of application; hold considerable significance in the contemporary world. This is because the presence of leaders and the way in which they operate can have huge implications (both positive as well as negative) on the organizations and on the people whom they are leading. Keeping this in consideration, Elon Musk, demonstrates several positive attributes of an efficient and productive leadership, emphasizing on transformational form of leadership over the widely existing traditional, transactional leadership, in the concerned article, which are discussed in the following section (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo Gutirrez-Gutirrez, 2012). One of the primary positive attributes of the leadership pattern of Elon Musk is that, he gets involved passionately in any project he undertakes. Instead of only influencing the investors to invest, he himself takes the risk to invest his fortune in the projects, which in turn sends an immense positive vibe to the investors, who follow his footsteps. Another aspect of his leadership, which makes him immensely popular among his employees is that he always keeps on inspiring them to work hard by showing that he believes in them, even when their productivity is not impressive. He also ensures that the employees know that he will keep on working on and for them (Researchgate.net, 2017). Musk also intellectually stimulated his team and encourage them to think unconventionally, as can be seen from his approach when he estimated the cost of building the rockets. The team members also get individual attention from him such that each of them feel important which positively effects their productivity. 2.Transformational Leadership, unlike the conventional form of transactional leadership, where the leaders appreciate the followers by rewards in cash and kind, emphasizes on the long-term welfare of the employees or followers. In simpler words, transformational leaders, transcend over the temporary welfare of his or her followers and focus on building up the skill set, ability to think, productivity and overall welfare of the followers, which in turn helps them in the long run (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). There are several aspects of this type of leadership, which are discussed in the following section: Idealized Influence- This aspect of a transformational leader portrays him or her as an immensely confident role model, which in turn motivates his followers to listen to what the leader says without feeling forced. Inspirational Motivation- This is one of the most important aspect of leadership because inspiration from leaders and the assurance that the leader believes in his followers motivates them even more than any kind of materialistic rewards, thereby increasing their productivity. Intellectual Stimulation- A true leader does not only make his or her follower work for the purpose but also induces in his followers the ability to think and create. The intellectual stimulation of the followers in turn increases their efficiency and helps in reaching the goals (Wright, Moynihan Pandey, 2012). Individual Consideration- A true leader is an unbiased one who gives equal importance to each of his followers. Transformational leaders provide individual attention to the opinions and issues of their followers, thereby making each of them feel important. 3.The aspects of the transformational leadership, as discussed in the above, are relevant to great extent, in every aspect in the contemporary world. This form of leadership also has immense implications in educational institutions like schools and classrooms. This is because, the relation between the teachers and the students in any kind of educational institutions, are similar to the leader follower dynamics, where the teacher, acting as a leader, works in disseminating knowledge among the students and plays the pivotal role in shaping up their life. The students follow more than just the instructions of the teachers, as the overall behavior and attributes of the teachers whom they see everyday leave long term impressions on their everyday activities (Cavazotte, Moreno Hickmann, 2012). Transformational leadership, as can be seen in the above discussion, if taken up in classroom environment, is expected to have considerable positive implications on the students. A student often idealizes the teacher and therefore, if the teacher sets an example of positive leadership, by appearing as someone confident and stable in his goals, this may act as inspiration for the students who may try to follow his footsteps. Apart from teaching, one of the primary responsibilities of a teacher is to inspire the students to learn and study hard, without making them feel forced. This is especially true for weak students, who need motivation to boost their confidence, which can be done by a transformational teacher (Rd.com, 2017). The intellectual stimulation, which is the primary role of a teacher and which actually helps the students to think, question and understand is also an important aspect of transformational leadership. Individual consideration is also important in a classroom to make the students feel that all of them are equally important in the eyes of their teacher. This is also an important aspect of transformational leadership. Thus, it can be asserted that in the classroom environment and in the schools, there are immense scopes of transformational leadership on part of the teachers as it holds immense positive implications on the overall development of the students. References Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Cavazotte, F., Moreno, V., Hickmann, M. (2012). Effects of leader intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on transformational leadership and managerial performance.The Leadership Quarterly,23(3), 443-455. Garca-Morales, V. J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M. M., Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L. (2012). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), 1040-1050. Rd.com, R. (2017).3 Inspiring Teachers and their Life Lessons-Reader's Digest.Reader's Digest. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.rd.com/true-stories/inspiring/inspiring-teacher-stories/ Researchgate.net. (2017).Elon_Musk_A_Case_for_Transformational_Leadership. Retrieved 19 November 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299784561_Elon_Musk_A_Case_for_Transformational_Leadership Wright, B. E., Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K. (2012). Pulling the levers: Transformational leadership, public service motivation, and mission valence.Public Administration Review,72(2), 206-215.

Malcolm Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Community Organizing

Malcolm Hendrix And King Racism is a problem that the American people have grappled with since colonial times. The 1960's saw the rise of Martin Luther King, Jr and Malcolm X, who not only influenced the civil rights movement but attempted to solve the problem of racism in this country. On February 16, 1965, Malcolm X gave a speech called "Not Just An American Problem, but a World Problem". In his speech he provides a theory on the relationship between media and racism called "image making" which still has validity today. On first reading, Malcolm's tone is angry and his theory on "image making" sounds absurd. He states: They (racists) use the press to get public opinion on their side. . . this is a science called "image making". they hold you in check through this science of imagery. They even make you look down upon yourself, by giving you a bad image of yourself. Some of our own Black people who have eaten this image themselves and digested it -- until they themselves don't want to live in the Black community. Yet, current television programming seems to favor this idea. Local news programs continue to show "colored" communities as dangerous and gang-infested. They continually rely on the reports of these areas for the bulk of their news and overlook the positive images that residents of these areas try to create. For example, KNTV news continually reports on the thefts and shootings in East San Jose but does not make an effort to show how residents are dealing with these situations. The day a local East San Jose church helped sway the city council to put a streetlight on a very busy intersection, the news pre-empted the report with an accident on another East San Jose intersection. As a result, most people in these communities do not realize that they have power to change their area and have a great desire to move out of these areas. They have become prisoners who have bought into the image of East San Jose. Yet, local news programs are not the only ones to blame for "image making"; documentaries have played a part in the negative images of blacks. Malcolm X makes the claim that the negative image of communities in America are just a small part of the "image making" process. The documentary film has done the same for their African homeland. He states: They (the press) projected Africa in a negative image, a hateful image. They made us think that Africa was a land of jungles, a land of animals, a land of cannibals and savages. It was a hateful image. Current documentaries of Africa are still about their jungles and their tribes. Although they do not have a racist tone, the idea that African people are still uncivilized continues. The result is: Black people here in America who hated everything about us that was African. . . it was you who taught us to hate ourselves simply by shrewdly maneuvering us into hating the land of our forefathers and the people on that continent. These films do have an influence on today's society. From watching today's "black TV", the actors on these shows make fun of these images. Recently, Martin Lawrence made fun of one of his friends; calling him a "spear-thrower" on his hit TV show. The larger problem that Malcolm X did not discuss in his speech is the result of the "image making". The effectiveness of today's media on young minds is great. Only several years have passed since the introduction of a Black Barbie doll. The great action heroes are not colored but are white; only their sidekicks are colored, e.g., Lone Ranger and Tonto. Consequently, the serious Black actor is a precious commodity. It is the Black comedian who is more accepted in today's society because they are able to laugh about the negative black images. The white man, as Malcolm X might agree, would favor the comedian over the serious actor because white men do not want to be reminded about their "crime". The comedian often supports the negative black images that the media has created: large lips, large buttocks, the criminal and the slave. Eddie Murphy is famous for his Mister Robinson character on Saturday Night Live. Robinson is a spoof on Mister Rogers; however, Robinson is a criminal. The image of the black man as a thief continues. Television is not all to blame. The media has made many efforts to create a more positive image of Black America. There is a

Essay on Attack and Turro Prison Block

Essay on Attack and Turro Prison Block Essay on Attack and Turro Prison Block Ice Cream Collection The Prize Pod is a rare Unversed that drops a variety of tasty treats when they are defeated in battle. Every single hit makes it them drop plenty of different ingredients for you to collect. You can collect these delectable ingredients and bring them to Huey, Dewey, and Louie in Disney Town to exchange them for Ice Cream Item Commands. A complete list of ingredients and recipes, organized by end result, is provided below. Locations of Prize Pods within each of the three stories is also provided. - Vanilla Glitz Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Bijou Bean x1 | Enchanted Dominion: Waterway | - | - | Crystal Sugar x3 | Castle of Dreams: Palace Courtyard | - | - | Golden Jam x1 | Neverland: Skull Rock Entrance | - | - | - Rockin’ Crunch Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Galactic Caramel x15 | Deep Space: Turro Prison Block | - | - | Nutty Nut x12 | Dwarf Woodlands: Underground Waterway Olympus Coliseum: Town Near Thebes | - | - | - Big Bad Pete Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Bizarro Bean x20 | Deep Space: Turro Prison Block | - | - | Whipped Dream x20 | Neverland: Skull Rock Entrance | - | - | - Honeybunny Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Apple Pie x2 | - | Dwarf Woodlands: The Mine | - | Honeybunch x3 | - | Neverland: Mermaid Lagoon | - | - Goofy Parfait Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Chocolate Valentine x5 | - | Castle of Dreams: Mousehole | - | Forest Muffin x10 | - | Enchanted Dominion: Audience Chamber | - | Jumbo Almond x6 | - | Enchanted Dominion: Audience Chamber | - | Moogle Coffee x7 | - | Radiant Garden: Fountain Court | - | - Double Crunch Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Cherryberry x9 | - | Enchanted Dominion: Audience Chamber | - | Merry Dairy x5 | - | Dwarf Woodlands: The Mine | - | Star Syrup x15 | - | Deep Space: Durgon Transporter | - | Wedding Cake x14 | - | Castle of Dreams: Mousehole | - | - Fabracadabra Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Balloon Melon x2 | - | - | Deep Space: Turro Prison Block | Heroic Orange x2 | - | - | Olympus Coliseum: Town Near Thebes | Peach Fantasy x1 | - | - | Dwarf Woodlands: Flower Glade | - Donald Fizz Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Crystal Soda x8 | - | - | Castle of Dreams: Foyer | Fizzy Tizzy x15 | - | - | Deep Space: Turro Prison Block | Mermaid Salt x13 | - | - | Neverland: Indian Camp | Sky Blue Mousse x8 | - | - | Enchanted Dominion: Waterside | - Royalberry Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Birthday Cake x8 | Castle of Dreams: Palace Courtyard | - | Castle of Dreams: Foyer | Gaspberry x7 | Dwarf Woodlands: Underground Waterway | - | Dwarf Woodlands: Flower Glade | Nebula Nectar x10 | Radiant Garden: Fountain Court | - | Radiant Garden: Fountain Court | Rose Honey x7 | Enchanted Dominion: Waterway | - | Enchanted Dominion: Waterway | - Milkyway Ingredients | Location (Terra) | Location (Ventus) | Location (Aqua) | Cotton Cloudcandy x14 | - | Olympus Coliseum: Town Near Thebes | Olympus Coliseum: Town Near Thebes | Cream Fluff

How to start a new business venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

How to start a new business venture - Essay Example The entrepreneurs have to take multiple troubles for making their new business into a profitable venture. The success of a new venture mainly depends on the entrepreneurs’ skills and success of the new products. According to the Councils to America’s Small Business, Score, during 2008, â€Å"there were  627,200 new businesses,  595,600 business closures and 43,546 bankruptcies† (Score, 2010). Therefore, the risks involvements in a new business are very high due its vulnerability in the new market. However, in order to combat with such issues, entrepreneurs must consider a number of tasks before starting a new venture. Effective planning for plausible set of market strategy is one of the most crucial tasks for an entrepreneurs and for this a comprehensive marketing analysis and research is mandatory task (Longenecker et al, 2005, p. 147). This paper will attempt to present marketing mix strategies for a new venture based on the situational analysis in respect of proposed business plans. 2. Background of Scenario This business report deals with the formulation of marketing mix strategy for a new venture of private medical clinic in Birmingham. The private medical clinics offer wide ranges of health care services by taking care of the out patients. As this business associated with the people heath services, it is very necessary to offer a high quality of services to its patient. Besides the high quality services, marketing strategies are very important to promote the brand name in the health care market of Birmingham. Birmingham is a popular city of West Midlands county in England. This primary objective of this paper is to offer a set of plausible marketing mix strategies to the new private clinic supposed to be started in the Birmingham city. In this process, the health care market of Birmingham city as well as the entire UK needs to be assessed for identification of the target market. 3. Situational Analysis 3.1. Marco-environmental Fac tors Any industry and its players are supposed to be influenced by the multiple macro-economic factors which are uncontrollable external forces. Assessment of macro-economic forces is very necessary to evaluate the viability of new business. In this regard, PEST models are very useful which analyse the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological impact on a certain business (Allen, 2008, p.114). These factors are analysed below in respect of the new venture for private medical clinic. 3.1.1. Political The stable political system of UK is a major strength for the growth of a business. The chief of the state is the Queen and head of the government is the Prime Minister and it is responsible for regulating the business and health care related issues. The department of Health, UK is the apex body in regulating the heath care sectors of UK who develops proper legal frameworks (Department of Health, 2011). Besides, the Birmingham City Council is also responsible to regulate the Birmingham city’s affair. 3.1.2. Economic Stable economic condition of UK is also major requirements of the success

The Trauma of Divorce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Trauma of Divorce - Research Paper Example There are different events in life which can cause trauma. For example, death of close ones, accidents, loss of social status, separation etc., can cause trauma in human life. It has been found that â€Å"people who experience major threats to psychological integrity can suffer as much as those traumatized by physical injury or life threat† (Briere & Scott, 2006, p. 4). One of the most traumatic experiences in life is divorce. Divorce causes pain not only to the individuals getting divorce, but also to people who are related to them. This multiplies the pain and makes it one of the most traumatic experiences in life. During recent decades, divorce has become more common in North America (Matlin, 2008, p. 266). It has been found that even in modern age of today, experience of divorce is still traumatic (Matlin, 2008, p. 266). Hence, if the experience of trauma is to be reduced in individuals undergoing divorce, then people related to them should make it their responsibility to provide them with complete emotional and psychological support so as to help them cope better with the trauma and come out stronger and healthier from it. Divorce has various psychological effects on a person. According to Baca Zinn and Eitzen (2002), apart from separation from spouse, as divorce brings different kinds of transitions and separations, it is especially painful for a person (Matlin, 2008, p. 267). According to Etaugh and Hochn (1995), as people have a tendency to judge a woman who is divorced with negative attitude, it causes immense distress and stress to her (Matlin, 2008, p. 267). Moreover, as women are more likely to get separated from friends and relatives previously shared by the couple, and from the home and children with whom they are emotionally attached, there are more chances of them feeling hurt, lonely and helpless inside (Matlin, 2008, p. 267). Divorce brings dramatic

Gatorade Sport Drinks Essay Example for Free

Gatorade Sport Drinks Essay Gatorade is a brand of flavored non-carbonated sports drinks manufactured by PepsiCo and distributed in over 80 countries. [1] It was first developed in 1965 by researchers at the University of Florida, as a means of replenishing the fluid, carbohydrates and electrolytes that are divested from the body during physical exertion. Its name was derived from the school’s football team, the Gators. Originally produced and marketed by Stokley-Van Camp, the Gatorade sports drink brand was purchased by the Quaker Oats Company in 1983, which was acquired by PepsiCo in 2001. As of 2009, Gatorade is PepsiCo’s 4th-largest brand, on the basis of worldwide annual retail sales. It primarily competes with Powerade and Vitaminwater worldwide, as well as Lucozade Sport in the United Kingdom. Within the U. S. , Gatorade accounts for approximately 75 percent market share in the sports drink category. [2] PepsiCo Inc. (NYSE:PEP) is a global manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of food and beverages, owning many well-known brands including Pepsi, Frito-Lay, Tropicana, Gatorade, and Quaker Oats. [1] PepsiCo operates in over 200 countries, with its largest markets in North America and the United Kingdom. [2] In 2009, the companys revenues were $43. 23 billion with net income of $5. 95 billion. [3] Unlike its major competitor, the Coca-Cola Company (KO), the majority of PepsiCos revenues do not come from carbonated soft drinks. [4] In fact, beverages account for less than 50% of total revenue. [4] Additionally, over 60% of PepsiCos beverage sales come from its key noncarbonated brands like Gatorade and Tropicana. [5] PepsiCos diverse portfolio can mitigate the impact of poor conditions in any one of its markets. Strong demand growth in international markets the company serves 86% of the worlds population and international sales account for 48% of revenue is helping to offset a sluggish domestic market and provided the company with opportunities for continued expansion. [6] [7] PepsiCo is highly exposed to raw materials costs. Prices for the most important input materials, aluminum, PET plastic, corn, sugar, and juice concentrates fluctuate widely. For example, aluminum prices have fallen nearly 60% from their 2008 highs of $1. 50/pound to less than $0. 90/pound. [8]. PepsiCo has benefitted from lower input prices after the collapse of the commodities super spike of 2008. Contents 1 Company Overview 1. 1 Quarterly Earnings 1. 2 Bottlers 1. 3 Operating Segments 2 Trends Forces 2. 1 PepsiCo Must Survive a US Slowdown While Capturing International Growth 2. 2 Commodity Costs are Pressuring Margins 2. 2. 1 Pepsi Must Face a Declining Demand for Carbonated Soft Drinks 2. 2. 2 The Dollar Affects International Performance 3 Competition 3. 1 Beverages 3. 2 Snacks and Convenient Foods 3. 3 Coke vs. Pepsi 3. 3. 1 Global Footprint 3. 3. 2 Diversified Product Offering 4 References On April 20, 2009, PepsiCo made an offer to acquire its two largest bottlers, Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and Whitman (PAS), for $6 billion in a combined cash and stock deal. The deal was turned down, forcing PepsiCo to make a sweetened $7. 8 billion offer on August 4, 2009. PepsiCo hopes to streamline manufacturing and distribution through the acquisitions, allowing it to bring new products to market more quickly and efficiently. The company expects to gain full control of 80% of its North American market and increase pre-tax profit by $300 million, increasing eps by $. 15. [9] The deal adds $4 billion in debt to PepsiCos balance sheet. According to PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi, the acquisition is necessary to consolidate profit as there is not enough total profit in the North American beverage industry to support investments in several different companies. [10] The acquisition closed on March 1, 2010. [11] With the purchase of Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and Whitman (PAS) in 2010, company executives have said that it will lead to increased joint marketing that will bundle the companys snack and beverage offerings together. [12]. In December 2010, PepsiCo announced the purchase of 66% of Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods, a Russian food and beverage company, for $3. 8 billion. After completing this acquisition, the company is planning to buy the remaining 34%. [13] Wimm-Bill-Dan is the leading producer of dairy products in Russia and they also have a large market share for juice; the purchase significantly expands Pepsis presence in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The addition of Wimm-Bill-Dann moves Pepsi closer to their goal of creating a global nutrition business worth $20 billion by 2020. [14] The acquisition comes three months after the Coca-Cola Companys purchase of Nidan Juices, a leading Russian juice manufacturer. [15] Company Overview PEP Revenues by Segment[16] PepsiCo is the largest snack and non-alcoholic drink producer in the United States, with 39% and 25% of the respective market shares. [16] Although the carbonated soft drink market in the US has gradually declined since the mid-2000s, PepsiCo has been able to grow revenues and net income through product diversification and international expansion. In 2008, the company posted revenues of $43. 3 billion, a 9. 6% increase from 2007; net income fell by 9% to $5. 1 billion. [17] The increase in revenues was primarily driven by higher sales volumes in the key European and Asian markets as well as company wide price increases. [18] The fall in net income was attributable to two reasons. First, PepsiCo recognized a $346 million mark-to-market loss on derivatives used to hedge its commodity exposure. [19] Next, the company incurred restructuring costs of $543 million in relation to its Productivity for Growth program. [20] PepsiCo expects to record another $30-60 million charge in 2009 to complete the program, which will close six plants in an effort to streamline PepsiCos global supply chain. [20] Quarterly Earnings Q1 2009 In the first quarter of 2009, PepsiCo posted revenues of $8. 263 billion, a 1% decrease from Q1 2008 figures; net income fell less than 1% to $1. 135 billion. [21] Although net pricing across PepsiCos product line increased by 7% during the quarter, the company was negatively impacted by a 7% foreign exchange loss due to the strengthening US dollar, as well as a 2% net decrease in sales volume. [22] Q2 2009 In the second quarter of 2009, PepsiCo posted revenues of $10. 592 billion, a 3% decrease from Q2 2008 figures; net income fell less than 1% to $1. 66 billion. [23] PepsiCos volumes remained roughly constant between the quarters, with snack gaining 1% and beverages losing 1%. The decrease in net revenues was due to a weakening of the companys US beverage operations, which decreased by 9%, in addition to the strengthening dollar, which adversely affected revenues by 8. 5%. Ignoring these changes, revenues would have grown by 5. 5%, driven by gains in the the Latin America Foods and Asia/Middle East/Africa divisions. Net income remained roughly constant as input costs fell in line with net revenues. Ignoring currency fluctuations, Earnings Per Share (EPS) would have grown by 8%. [23] Q3 2009 In the third quarter of 2009, PepsiCo had revenues of $11. 08 billion, a 1. 5% decrease from Q3 2008; net income increased 12% to $2. 23 billion. [24] The increasing value of the US Dollar negatively affected net income by 7% and the company had $9 million in costs associated with its merger with PBG and PAS, its two largest bottlers. [25] Worldwide, beverage volume increased 0. 5% while snack volume increased 2%. Frito-Lay North America, the largest division of PepsiCo, grew net revenue by 5% and increased volume by 3%. [26] Through the first three quarters of 2009, Frito-Lay was the fastest growing consumer goods company in North America. [27] The second largest division, PepsiCo Americas Beverages, saw net revenues decline by 9% and total volume decline of 6%. [28] Both Gatorade and Aquafina had double-digit volume declines; discussing Gatorade, executives attribute the decline to casual consumers budget worries and insist that the core consumer, athletes, are still buying the brand. [29] In Latin America and Europe, net revenue declined 10% and 2% respectively, driven primarily by foreign currency weakness compared to the US Dollar. [30] Q4 2009 In the fourth quarter of 2009, PepsiCo had revenues of $13. 3 billion, a 4. 7% increase from Q4 2008; net income increased 99% to $1. 43 billion. [31] Operating income for the quarter was $2 billion. [32] Pepsi American Foods net revenues increased 4%, with a 5% revenues decrease for Quaker Foods being offset by 2% revenue growth for Frito-Lay and 10% revenue growth for Latin American Foods. Pepsi American Beverages net revenues decreased 2% as a result of a 5% decrease in volume. Pepsi Internationals net revenues increased 5%, supported by 4% revenue growth in Europe and 7% growth in AMEA. Volumes for AMEA increased 13% in the quarter while volumes for Europe decreased 3%. [33] AMEAs strong quarter was based on a 13% increase in snack sales and 5% increase in beverage volumes, with 21% growth in beverage volume in India. [34] However, Chinas beverage volume decreased, which implies a market share loss to Coca-Cola Company (KO), whose China volumes grew 29% during the same period. [35] Q1 2010 In the first quarter of 2010, PepsiCo had revenues of $9. 4 billion, a 13. 4% increase from Q1 2009; net income increased 26% to $1. 4 billion. Operating income for the quarter decreased 47% to $840 million. [36] On February 26, PepsiCo completed the acquisition of its two largest bottlers for approximately $12. 6 billion; charges related to the merger in this quarter were approximately $282 million . [37] Worldwide snack volume for the quarter increased 1% while beverages volume dropped 0. 5%. Frito-Lays operating profit increased 10%, primarily as a result of increased sales of variety product packs and the decreased cost of cooking oil. [38] Quaker Foods revenue decreased 1% because of declines in ready-to-eat cereals and oatmeal, which were partially offset by substantial growth in the Roni brand; operating profit declined by 12% mainly as a result of insurance recoveries related to last years flood at Cedar Rapids. [39] In Latin America, favorable net pricing and a 1% increase in volume resulted in a 13% increase in revenues; however unfavorable currency exchange rates in Venezuela (19% decrease) accounted for a 12% decline in operating profit. [40] In Europe, favorable currency exchange rates offset 4% declines in snack and beverage volumes, for net revenues increase of 5% and operating income increase of 16%. [41] Double-digit growth in snacks and beverages volumes for India and China drove net revenues up 23% and operating income up 17% for the Asia, Middle East, and Africa segment. [42] The companys Americas Beverages segment saw volumes slip 4% (despite a 2% gain from a recent distribution agreement with Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS)) with a double-digit decline in Aquafina volume. However, net revenues increased 32% while operating income decreased 83% as a result of the completed merger with PepsiCos two largest bottlers. [43] The merger makes comparisons to previous quarters very challenging, however the Americas Beverages segment is in the process of de-emphasizing less-profitable products in favor of higher end offerings, such as Gatorade, which saw nearly 10% volume gains in the quarter. [44] Q2 2010 In the second quarter of 2010, PepsiCo had revenues of $14. 8 billion, up 40% from Q2 2009; net income decreased 3. 4% to $1. 6 billion. Operating income increased 12. 3% to $2. 46 billion. [45] The primary reason for the discrepancy in revenues and net income was the ongoing costs associated with the companys purchase of its primary bottlers. In Q2 2010 charges related to the restructuring decreased income by $155 million. [46] Worldwide volume increased 7% with an 11% increase in beverages and 1% increase in snacks. Frito-Lay pound volume fell 3% but net income increased 2%. The segment also benefited from lower commodity costs, in particular lower prices for cooking oil. Quaker Foods North Americas revenue fell by 4% with a 2% decline in volume that was primarily attributable to a decrease in cereal volume. [47] Latin America Foods net revenue increased 12% with a 2% increase in volume. However, operating profit fell by 5% after an unfavorable court settlement decreased profits by 5% and unfavorable currency exchange rates added another 5% to the decrease. The companys Americas Beverages increased revenues by 112% as a result of the merger with its major bottlers; volume for the quarter increased 13% with 8% coming from the acquisition of bottling operations in Mexico and 6% from PepsiCos contract with Dr. Pepper Snapple Group. [48] In Europe, net revenues increased 47% with snack volumes growing at 2% and beverage volume growing at 10%. Sales improved in most of Western Europe and Russia but declined slightly in Eastern European countries such as Romania and Ukraine (with the one exception of double-digit beverage growth in Turkey). [49] In Asia, Middle East, and Africa, where the company has recently invested significant funds in increasing manufacturing capabilities, net revenue grew 22%. Snack volume grew 16% and beverage volumes increased by 8%. India saw double-digit growth in both categories, while snack volume in the Middle East and China grew more than 10%. [50] Q3 2010 In the third quarter of 2010, PepsiCo had revenues of $15. 5 billion, up nearly 40% from Q3 2009; net income increased more than 11% to $1. 9 billion. Operating income increased by 25% to $2. 8 billion. [51] The companys volume and revenues increased worldwide for both food (+2. 5%) and beverages (+11%). Quaker Foods was the companys only division that failed to grow its operating income from 2009 with the largest gains posted by North American beverages, Europe, and Latin America Foods. [52] PepsiCo Americas Beverages operating profit grew nearly 80% for the quarter with the majority of this growth related to the companys purchase of its main bottlers in Q1 2010. However, volume grew by 13% during the quarter reflecting 8% growth in Mexico (operations in Mexico were included in the bottling merger), 6% volume growth due to the companys new contract with Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS), and a 4% decline in carbonated beverages in North America that was more than offset by a 5% increase in non-carbonated beverages. The success of the latter was due primarily to a double-digit increase in volume for Gatorade; water sales continued to fall during the quarter. [53] In Europe, volume growth related to the bottling merger accounted for a 7% increase, while double-digit growth in Russia, the UK, and Turkey pushed volume up 17% in total. Snack volume for the quarter grew by 3%, again supported by Russia, the UK, Turkey, and France. Both beverages and snack volume fell by more than 10% in Romania during the quarter. [54] Latin America Foods operating profit grew by 22% as a result of a double-digit volume increase in Brazil and nearly 10% increase in volume for the Sabritas brand in Mexico. [55] Operating profit for Quaker Foods decreased by more than 5% as a result of a 1% decline in volume, especially for Roni and Oatmeal brands. For Frito-Lay North America, pound volume declined 2% as a result of overlap with the companys 20% More Free promotion; sales of Sun Chips fell by more than 10% forced the company to abandon its compostable, albeit noisy, packaging. [56] In the Asia, Middle East, and Africa segment snack volume grew by 16% and beverage volume grew by 4%. Snack volumes grew significantly in the Middle East, China, India, and Australia while only China exhibited strong single-digit beverage growth. [57] Bottlers *Note Pepsis acquisition of Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and PepsiAmericas (PAS) was completed on March 1, 2010 PepsiCos beverage division manufactures concentrated syrup forms for all of Pepsis beverage brands. PEP sells these concentrates to bottlers for production, packaging, and distribution of the final products. PepsiCo grants bottlers the use of Pepsi trademarks and other brand rights within certain geographic regions. In August 2009, Pepsi made a $7 billion offer to acquire Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and PepsiAmericas (PAS). As the US carbonated beverage market shrinks from 60% of all nonalcoholic beverages in 1999 to 35% in 2009 PepsiCo hopes to consolidate the earnings of the three companies for shareholders. [9] Additionally, PepsiCo believes the acquisitions will streamline company-wide distribution through economies of scales. Three companies distribute 60% of PepsiCos North American beverage volume:[58] The Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) is the largest of PepsiCos bottlers. PepsiCo has a 33% stake in Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG), and claims its share of income under the equity method of accounting. [59] PepsiAmericas (PAS) is the second-largest bottler in the Pepsi system. PepsiCo has a 43% stake in PepsiAmericas (PAS), and claims its share of income under the equity method of accounting. [60] Pepsi Bottling Ventures is the third-largest domestic bottling company within the Pepsi system. The company was formed in 1999 when five of Pepsi’s bottling companies consolidated to form PBV. Operating Segments PepsiCo operates in six divisions: Frito-Lay North America (29% of Revenue, 43% of Operating Income)[61] manufactures, markets and sells branded snacks. Popular products include Lays Potato Chips, Doritos Tortilla Chips, Cheetos, Rold Gold Pretzels, and SunChips. [1] Following the companys purchase of Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) and Whitman (PAS), company executives have said that it will lead to increased joint marketing, bundling the companys snack and beverage offerings. [62] Quaker Foods North America (4% of Revenue, 8% of Operating Income)[61] manufactures, markets and sells cereals, rice, pasta and other branded products. Popular products include Quaker Oatmeal, Aunt Jemima mixes and syrups, Cap n Crunch cereal, Rice-A-Roni, and Life cereal. [1] Latin America Foods (14% of Revenue, 13% of Operating Income)[61] manufactures, markets and sells a number of leading salty and sweet snack brands. Popular products include Gamesa, Doritos, Cheetos, and Ruffles. [4] PepsiCo Americas Beverages (25% of Revenue, 29% of Operating Income)[61] manufactures, markets and sells beverage concentrates, fountain syrups and finished goods, under various beverage brands. Popular products include Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Izze. [4] United Kingdom Europe (15% of Revenue, 10% of Operating Income)[61] manufactures, markets and sells a number of leading salty and sweet snack brands. Popular products include Lays, Walkers, Doritos, and Cheetos. [4] Middle East, Africa, and Asia (13% of Revenue, 8% of Operating Income)[61] manufactures, markets and sells a number of leading salty and sweet snack brands. Popular products include Lays, Smiths, Doritos, and Cheetos. [63] Trends Forces PepsiCo Must Survive a US Slowdown While Capturing International Growth Soaring food and energy prices[64], the housing slump[65] and a weakening job market[66] are putting the breaks on consumer spending in North America, even in the typically recession proof drinks and snacks market. Emerging markets such as China, India, Eastern Europe and Latin America present strong growth opportunities for Pepsico. In December 2010, Pepsi announced their purchase of Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods, a Russian food and beverage company, for $5. 4 billion[67]; the purchase followed Coca-Colas purchase of a Russian juice company for $300 million in summer 2010. [68] Wimm-Bill-Dan is the leading producer of dairy products in Russia and they also have a large market share for juice; the purchase significantly expands Pepsis presence in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The company had sales of $2. 6 billion in 2010 and serves approximately 280 million customers in Eurasia. [69] In addition to making international acquisitions, PepsiCo is investing significant resources in expanding their manufacturing capabilities in developing markets. The company has pledged to invest $3. 5 billion in China through 2013, mainly through the construction of 10 to 12 new manufacturing facilities (in addition to the 27 it currently operates). In China, Pepsi is also pursuing a strategy of buying back stakes in its Chinese operations from local partners. These acquisitions will give the company greater control over its operations while increasing profits. Unlike the saturated North American market, Chinas carbonated drink market is growing at almost 20% annually. [70] In late August 2010, PepsiCo announced its plan to invest $250 million in new manufacturing plants in Vietnam further expanding its footprint in the region. In the past two years, the company invested in two other manufacturing plants in Vietnam, and it currently operates five plants in the country. [71] In Latin America, the company has pledged $3 million over the next three years to create an agriculture research center in Peru, which will focus on the discovery of new potato and other vegetable varieties. [72] Pepsis expects their global nutrition business will be worth $20 billion by 2020. [73] Commodity Costs are Pressuring Margins 2007-2009 PET resin prices, ? /pound [74] PepsiCos profitability can be affected directly and indirectly by the costs of various production inputs. PEP is responsible for purchasing the raw materials used to make its products in all its markets and also acts as an agent for the purchase of its bottlers raw materials. Some of the raw materials used by PEP include grains such as corn, wheat flour, oats and rice; fruit and vegetable products like oranges, potatoes, and juice concentrates; sugar; and vegetable and essential oils. For example, aluminum prices have fallen more than 60% from their 2008 highs of $1. 50/pound to less than $0. 65/pound. [8] Changes in the prices of such raw materials could impact total production costs and the company’s profit margins. Changes in bottlers production input costs can also indirectly impact PEPs profits. If a bottlers raw materials become more expensive, it might pass on the increase to customers, which could lead to a loss of market share as customers switch to more affordable alternatives. The primary raw materials used by bottlers are high fructose corn syrup, which is used as a sweetener, aluminum, used to make cans, and PET Resin, used for plastic bottles. In an effort to insulate itself from market forces, PepsiCo has invested $29. 3 million in five farms in China, making it one of the countrys largest agricultural companies. [75] The farms primarily produce potatoes for the companys potato chip brands and by 2005, the company was the largest private potato grower in the country. [76] In her 2008 visit to China, CEO Indra Nooyi said that the company is planning to invest $1 billion in China by 2012. [77] In addition to its farms in China, Pepsi has 12,000 contract farmers in India growing potatoes on 16,000 acres of land. In addition to potatoes, the company is hoping to expand its contract farming initiative to include oats in the near future. [78] Pepsi Must Face a Declining Demand for Carbonated Soft Drinks Consumer demand for CSD has been negatively affected by concerns about health and wellness. Since 1999, carbonated soft drinks have dropped from 60% to 35% of total US beverage volume. [9] Rising health and wellness concerns can be attributed to increasing concern for obesity as well as education campaigns on the part of the FDA as well as non-profit groups. Public campaigns to ban sales of soft drinks and fatty snacks in schools have also negatively impacted demand for sugary sodas. These factors have driven a shift in consumption away from CSD to healthier alternatives, such as tea, juices, and water. Even within the CSD segment, consumers have been moving away from the sugared drinks, opting instead for diet beverages, which do not generally contain any sugar or calories. In response to this shift in consumer demand, PEP has increased its development of both diet CSD and non-CSD beverages. With its popular Tropicana and Gatorade brands, PepsiCo is much better situated than Coca-Cola Company (KO) to react to these changing trends. Facing lower Gatorade sales in 2010, Pepsi developed a social marketing department to track the brands performance and online reputation. By tracking user discussions online and Gatorade groups on Facebook, the company has been able to quickly respond to consumer demands. The results of Pepsis new marketing initiative is inconclusive because the brand rose 2. 4% during the first half of 2010 but this is compared with low sales in 2009. [79] The Dollar Affects International Performance Changes in the strength of the dollar compared to foreign currency could impact the company by decreasing both costs and revenue in dollars. As the strength of the dollar increases, all sales made in foreign currency end up being worth less because the amount of US dollars the company gets per sale decreases. On the other hand the cost of foreign inputs (food and other commodities that go into PepsiCo products) sold in foreign currencies would decrease with the strengthening dollar. Since over half of PepsiCos sales are in international markets, the increasing value of the dollar could be a significant factor driving revenues down overseas. Specifically the company primarily deals with the British Pound, Euro, Australian dollar, and Canadian dollar. Between July and December 2008, the dollar regained nearly all its 2007 losses against foreign currencies, and has continued this trend through 2009. [23] Competition 2008 U. S. non-alcoholic beverage market by volume[80] Beverages In the domestic beverage market, the Coca-Cola Company (KO) is PepsiCos main competitor. In 2008, Coca-Cola had a 23% share of the U. S. non-alcoholic beverage volume, while PEP held a 25% share. Coca-Cola Company (KO) has a higher worldwide share of carbonated soda beverages, but PepsiCo has a more diverse product line and leads the industry in non-carbonated soft drink innovations. [81] PepsiCos revenues are also substantially higher than Coca-Colas, due to PepsiCos snack and convenient foods business, a market in which KO does not participate. PepsiCos presence in the snack and convenient food industries, as well as its industry-leading innovations in the non-carbonated soft drink segment, gives it a somewhat more balanced portfolio than Coca-Cola and provides the company with some protection against further declining demand for CSD. Pepsi also pays the Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS) for the rights to sell its products, along with Coca-Cola Company (KO). In December 2009, Pepsi agreed to pay Dr Pepper Snapple Group (DPS) $900 million for the continued rights to sell Dr. Pepper products following the companys acquisition of its North American bottlers. [82] This deal was similar to a contract signed by Coke and Dr. Pepper in June 2010, worth $$715 million, that gave Coke similar distribution rights following their acquisition of Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE). [83] Snacks and Convenient Foods 2008 U. S. Snack Market by volume[80] PepsiCos Frito-Lay and Quaker brands compete in various parts of the larger food industry. Its snack foods manufactured by the Frito-Lay segment hold a commanding share of the U. S. market, accounting for around 39% of domestic snack food sales in 2006. PepsiCos main competitor in the food market overall is Kraft Foods (KFT). Krafts products include snacks, cheese, diary, and cereal products, which puts it in competition both with Frito-Lay and Quaker products. Much like the Coca-Cola Company (KO), Kraft does not participate in both the food and soft drink markets, giving PEP the advantage of having a more diverse offering of products. Coke vs. Pepsi For decades now, Coke and Pepsi have battled for our hearts and minds but what about our capital? Which company will add the best flavor to your investment portfolio? Although both companies share powerful brand names and global franchises, there are two important distinctions between Pepsico and Coca-Cola that any investor should consider before choosing between these comestible titans: Global Footprint When it comes to international presence, Coca-Cola easily trumps Pepsico. In 2009, Coca-Cola generated 74% of its revenue overseas compared to 48% revenue for Pepsico. [84][85] Coca-Colas impressive global footprint puts it in a better position to benefit from strong growth across the globe, particularly in the developing world. Furthermore, because Coke generates so much of its revenue abroad, it stands to benefit greatly from the continuing weakening of the dollar as sales denominated in foreign currencies are suddenly worth more dollars back home. At the same time, Pepsicos heavy dependence on North America makes it much more susceptible to a slowing US economy. Diversified Product Offering. Another important distinction between the two companies is their product offering. While KO is essentially a one-product company that focuses on beverages, Pepsico has a much broader product base that includes beverages, foods and snacks. Coca-Colas heavy dependence on beverages, particularly carbonated beverages, makes it more susceptible than Pepsico to a growing aversion to soda which is perceived as fattening and unhealthy. On the other hand, Pepsicos extensive portfolio of beverages, foods and snacks puts it in a better position from the trend to healthier eating.

Contrasting Shakespeares Richard with the Historical Figure Essay exam

There are two Richards: the Machiavellian monster created by Shakespeare and the historical figure who many historians claim is a much-maligned innocent man. So is Richard the sinner or the one sinned against? How can we decide? Is a decision even possible? In Shakespeare's play Richard III, Richard describes himself as a deformed malcontent in the opening soliloquy. (Shakespeare often uses physical deformity to mirror an evil mind.) I, that am curtail'd of this fair proportion, Cheated of feature by dissembling nature, Deformed, unfinish'd, sent before my time Into this breathing world, scarce half made up, ... And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover, To entertain these fair well-spoken days, I am determined to prove a villain And hate the idle pleasures of these days. (1.1.18-31) Many historians, on the other hand, have a different view of the man. For instance, in the 1956 biography Richard the Third, Paul Murray Kendall describes Richard based on contemporary writings and two well-known portraits of the King. Most contemporary descriptions bear out the evidence of these portraits that Richard had no noticeable bodily deformity, and establish him as a thin, frail man of a little less than normal height. (537) The most heinous crime that the Tudors (the kings who succeeded Richard to the throne) accused Richard of committing was the murder of his nephews-Edward V and Richard, Duke of York-the sons of his brother, the former king, Edward IV. How seriously should we take this accusation? What evidence supports it? Kendall writes, "If we take 'evidence' to mean testimony that would secure a verdict in a court of law, there is no evidence that he [Rich... ...ing skills that will lead to success both in school and in life. Works Cited Fields, Bertram. Royal Blood: Richard III and the Mystery of the Princes. New York: ReganBooks, 1998. Kendall, Paul Murray. Richard the Third. New York: Norton, 1983. - - - . Richard III: The Great Debate. New York: Norton, 1992. Looking for Richard. Dir. Al Pacino. Perf. Al Pacino, Alec Baldwin, Aidan Quinn, Winona Ryder, and Kevin Spacey. Videocassette. Fox, 1996. The Missing Princes of England. Dir. Melissa Jo Peltier. Narr. David Ackroyd. Videocassette. New Video Group, 1998. Shakespeare, William. Richard III. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press, 1996. Tey, Josephine. The Daughter of Time. New York: Scribner, 1988. Weir, Alison. The Princes in the Tower. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.

Organizational Management and Operations Paper

ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS PAPER Juan Malfavon CJA/484 v2 July 13, 2012 Gregory Baugh * Criminal Justice Trends Paper * The Policing component is only one part of the criminal justice system (triad of justice) that includes Policing, Courts, and Corrections, and it is the primary tier that generates criminal arrests, prosecutions, restraints, criminal activity, and protects the peace. * This paper will review the policing function of the criminal justice system and will identify, compare, and contrast the policing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels of the criminal justice system.An analysis of the organizational, management, administration, and operational functions at these three organizational levels will be assessed for similarity of leadership and differences. * According to â€Å"Police Crunch† (2012), â€Å"To be an effective police/law enforcement officer, one must understand where we (law enforcement) has been, where society believes we are and what the heck is going to happen in the future† (Para. 1). For society to continue a policing effectiveness, one must also understand the leadership aspects associated with managing personnel, and equipment at all levels of law enforcement.Keeping the peace; be it local or national requires tremendous resources, and an acutely instinctive leadership base. * Police Function Comparison Defining law enforcement capability also requires identifying agencies that work in the same capacity of law enforcement; that is, protecting the pace, enforcing laws, and combating crime. In the article Trends and Practices in Law Enforcement and Private Security by the Law Enforcement-Private Security Consortium (2009).The Consortium defines law enforcement as the following agencies; Public law enforcement agencies, including local, state, and tribal police departments; sheriffs’ departments, and federal agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the U. S. Secret Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and many others. The purpose of identifying these agencies is to support the reader’s perspective of what law enforcement agencies are; be they local, state or federal.Policing at any level of civil capacity requires an arduous amount of time, resources, and most important; dependable personnel, and quality leadership. Technology and all its capabilities not only, but also help the law enforcement community to track and prevent possible crimes, and with the implementation of the county, state, and federal policing system, have arisen many positive attributes, one in particular is that policing agencies should model the same common goal.The prevention of crime and protection of life, to uphold and enforce the law, to combat public fear of crime, to promote community safety, to control traffic, to encourage respect for the law, and to protect the civil rights, and liberties of individuals (Heath & Terry, 2008). However; Costs associated with policing communities, educating police officers and keeping in line with the policing functions as depicted by Sir Robert Peel, are skyrocketing in the face of ever increasing criminal activity.To add to the decreasing structure of law enforcement, the lack of uniformity of leadership within these legal communities is a remarkable forfeiture in manpower development, and leadership continuity, which only serves to strengthen the criminal community. There are many varieties of police department operational functions that include: diversity in the hiring of the police officers as well as the type of training received.Many police agencies develop their own forum for training their officers in accordance with local policies. Unfortunately; not all police departments maneuver the same, and in most cases do not even operate under the same principles of policing or leadership development, thus the locale, state, and federal policing agencies have some policing similarity, but operate under completely diverse training, and operational standards, which account for operational mistakes, and unnecessary costs.One theory in relation to how some agencies are controlled is called the organizational theory, this theory argues that; a police officers’ conduct and deportment is shaped by his or her fellow officers and the culture of policing in that area. This can be true for all levels of law enforcement, and leadership at any regional setting. Some of these models are very rigid, and orderly, such as the quasi-military style model, where the organization functions much like a ilitary unit, such as the swat teams do, where battle dress uniforms are worn and military style tactics are employed for all training, this style of policing is more widely accepted at the local and state level of policing. During the authors tenure as a United States Marine, and acting in the capacity of a Military P olice Officer; training is based on military structure and much ridged, even when handling civilian personnel on or off base, the training was directive and demanded absolute aggressiveness, be it verbal or physical.There are also other less rigid programs of leadership such as the dominant style of policing model, the task force policing model, and the zero tolerance policing models (Walker & Katz). These models gravitate to a more civil capacity in handling personnel and civil issues and are more widely used by small town police forces or federal agencies. Just as people are different; so too are supervisory roles, mission statements and leaderships. Every policing organization has its common goals to adhere to such as, crime prevention, traffic, crime control, safety, and education, to name a few examples.The values and principles of policing are largely dictated by the area’s leading director, and the types of crimes that are associated with the local precinct. This uncan ny process of regional legal factors should serve to re-enforce, or to strengthen possible gaps in policing agencies, their logistics, training, and personnel issues through information sharing and innovative leadership, which is more commonly used and practiced nationwide. Organizational Similarities * With the aid of technology, and new law enforcement relationship’s established throughout the continental United States.Policing programs such as, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and several other American agencies have established joint partnering programs with local law enforcement agencies (Fact Sheet: The USA Patriot Act – A Proven Homeland Security Tool,  2005). * This new form of joint policing has been made possible in large part because of the 911 terror attacks, and the signing of the USA Patriot act, authorizing law enforcement agencies to share information across state lines.This policing program structure has brought a significant punch to the w orld of policing at the national and international crime fighting arenas. * Although the law enforcement community has had a financial boon with the passage of the USA Patriot act, budgetary and management issues continue to have an impact on the policing community at all levels of legal enforcements, and the other tiers of the criminal justice system are also feeling the manpower, and financial pinch. It is for this reason that training programs like that of the Law Enforcement-Private Security Consortium. (2009), have established literature to support the uniformity training standards from which all law enforcement agencies can retrieve training guides, ideas, support, and assistance in improving the programs in their community and in their fight to combat crime, and secure the peace within their region or policing level, be it local, state, or federal.This program handbook is available to every policing agency and is published by the department of justice to ensure a uniformity s tructure among all policing agencies. Although there is a distinct difference between the uniforms that local, state, and federal agencies wear, there is little distinction in the mission of each agency, which is to maintain civil compliance with local, state and federal laws and to ensure the safety of its citizenry, but the underlying fact is that all agencies operate differently in leadership and with different goals. Leadership Characteristics * The federal level of law enforcement, which for the most part operates on the same level as the lower level agencies is tasked with bringing higher levels of criminals to justice such as, interstate drug traffickers, human trafficking as well as serial killers, and internationally wanted criminals. This type of program requires more funding, intelligence gathering, better equipment, and resources as well as leadership, intellect, discipline, and experience.An officer at this level should be thoroughly equipped and supported by all other agencies within the judicial system. * The state and local level leadership programs should focus on internal issues and implement programs to support the federal level agencies and to learn from the programs, and leadership characteristics that enable national and international enforcement agencies to handle such varied criminal traffic. * Close The future of law enforcement at the local, state, and federal level will have to convert to a more strategic in environment for law enforcement organizations because of the overwhelming amount of cybercrimes, human smuggling, drug trade and increased egregious crimes against humanity that are emerging within the United States and other countries. Information sharing will becomes easier and strategic in combating all crimes for law enforcement agencies, and will be the spear head to eradicating potential crimes at local, state and federal agencies. As law enforcement organizations at the local, state and federal level learn to compare, adju st, and recalibrate leadership responsibility, connect with information sharing programs and learn to work in unison to facilitate a uniformity style leadership programs, criminals and their factions will eventually start to follow a systematic shut down. * This study reviewed the policing functions at the local, state, and federal levels.An analysis of the organizational management, administration, and operational functions of these three regional law enforcement agencies revealed how law enforcement agencies at all levels have the same mission yet carry it out it in varied ways. * A view of the leadership characteristics and responsibilities showed how agents at the federal level require more training, funds, equipment and communication with lower level programs to adequately accomplish the mission of national and global policing. * * * * * * ReferencesLaw Enforcement in the 21st Century, Second Edition, by Heath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright à ‚ © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. * Law Enforcement-Private Security Consortium. (2009). Trends and Practics in Law * Enforcement and Private Security Collaborations . : U. S. Department of Justice. Police crunch. com. (2012). Retrieved from http://policecrunch. com Walker, S. , & Katz, C. M. The Police In America: An Introduction (6th ed. ). New York, New York: McGraw Hill. *

Corporate Crime Definition Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2767 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Tags: Criminology Essay Did you like this example? Why has the analysis of crimes of the powerful been such a growth area in criminology over the past century? It is tempting to give a simple or even simplistic answer to the above question: it is tempting to say that analysis and theory of crimes of the powerful have grown so quickly in the last century because the quantity and diversity of such crimes have themselves exploded outwards. As the number of crimes committed by the powerful have risen exponentially across the years and continents, so the police forces, crime-prevention agencies and legislators of the governments charged with halting these crimes have had to evolve into larger and more complex organizations also. For instance, amongst myriad forms of organized crime that developed in the twentieth century, one pertinent recent example is the efflorescence of high-tech and internet crime, where professional and international gangs manipulate technology to extort or steal large sums of money from the public. High-tech crime is of course a recent phenomenon; it did not exist at the turn of the last century. Therefore analysi s of such activities by law agencies has grown to respond to this new threat; moreover, the analysis and prevention of such crimes has had to grow in sophistication and size just as the crimes themselves have done. Organized crime be it narcotic trafficking, prostitution rings, corporate crimes and so on has become a massive international business, and it has required larger agencies equipped with better criminal theory and technology and international cooperation between agencies to deal with it. Moreover, the clear lapse between the professionalism and techniques of many criminal organizations and the law agencies that pursue them will require these agencies to catch-up to the advances of these criminals in the next decades. Meaning, of course, that this catch-up will depend heavily upon advances in criminal theory and analysis. Crimes of the powerful are not exclusively concerned with illegal activities of the above description, but also with crimes committed by corpo rations, by governments, by dictators and even, in an interesting new perspective, by patriarchal gender structures that sanction crimes of power against women. The attention of law agencies and legislators upon these crimes has led to a mass of new analysis and theory by criminologists on the nature of such crimes. Likewise, several theories compete to describe the causes of organized crime and crimes of the powerful. One such theory points to social change as the most profound catalyst in the spread of organized crime and the detection of organized crime. This theory assimilates the teachings of sociology, psychology, anthropology and history to produce a detailed sociological critique of these causes. In the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries, many acts committed by the powerful that would today be classified as criminal were then merely pseudo-illegal or socially disapproved of; they carried no specific criminal offence. But social and legislative advances have made the pr osecution of crimes of the powerful easier. For instance, the prosecution of corporate crime is, theoretically at least, far easier to identify and prosecute than it was in the early twentieth century. Moreover, greater media exposure of the life of corporations and governments has magnified their crimes whenever they are committed. A moment of this essay might be given to discuss exactly what is meant by the phrase crimes of the powerful. Indeed, a person unfamiliar with the literature of criminology might be forgiven for regarding the term as somewhat amorphous and nebulous: he might argue that nearly any criminal phenomenon could be termed a crime of the powerful. The dictionary defines a crime as an act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare. An evil or injurious act; an offence, as in; esp. of grave character (Oxford, 1989). It is difficult to see how the word power could not be inserted into any part of this definit ion and for it still to make sense. There is therefore in the pure black letter interpretation of the law a huge shaded area that allows for misinterpretation of the term crime of power. Can, for instance, a crime of the powerful be a physical act? Or must it the top levels of an organization? Moreover, the use of the word crime is itself ambiguous. The trafficking of drugs or children is clearly illegal and criminal according to the principles of law; but we also speak of corporate crimes against the public withholding medicines from the dying, adulterating foods etc., as crimes even though they have no explicit recognition as such in law. There is then a near infinite possible extension of the word crime when one uses the word in the sense of something that ought to be illegal rather than something that is presently illegal. In Smiths words: If a crime is to be understood simply as law violation, thenno matter how immoral, reprehensible, damaging or dangerous an act is , it is not a crime unless it is made such by the authorities of the state . There is moreover often the paradoxical situation where a government that commits crimes of power against its people can only be legally recognized as doing such if it passes legislation against itself. This is obviously extremely unlikely to happen and so many such crimes go unnoticed. It is often directly against the interests of certain groups or interests to recognize the existence of certain crimes because they then have to recognize theory legal existence also. Recently however, one growth of criminal analysis of the powerful has come from greater international laws that allow for the international legal recognition of crimes committed by dictators or despots when they would never do this themselves. For instance, Saddam Hussein is near universally thought to have committed crimes of power against his people; such things were never legally recognized as crimes as such until a body such as the United Nations had the international authority to declare the illegal actions of heads of states. Sociologists and psychologists amongst other groups (Chesterton, 1997) have argued that the moral, sociological and psychological aspects of crimes of the powerful should be recognized by criminologists to a far greater extent. By using approaches such as these criminologists can add the activities of environmental pollution, insider trading, and tax evasion to the public consciousness of what constitute crimes of the powerful. In Sellins (2003) words if the study of crime is to attain an objective and scientific status, it should not allow itself to be restricted to the terms and boundaries of enquiry established by legislators and politicians . According to scholars authors like Chesterton and Dupont the intense interest in by criminologists in the analysis and prevention of crimes of the powerful is due to the massive growth and myriad new forms of these crimes. Perhaps the most powerful criminals whose crimes are explicitly illegal are international drug trafficking organizations. In 2004, according to Smith (Smith, 2004) 550 billion of cocaine and other illegal substances were transported illegally internationally. This trade is therefore lager than the GDP of many African and other third-world countries. Faced with this massive business and with its catastrophic social consequences traditional law agencies and their democratic legislators have had to radically alter the way they investigate and prosecute these crimes. The extreme complexity and ingenuity of international drug cartels have meant that governments have had to build equally complex systems of criminological analysis and technique to limit these crimes. Complex intelligence agencies like the MI5 and MI6 in England and the CIA and FBI in the United States now have innumerable specialist intelligence groups of scientists, field-officers and so on investigating the crimin al nature and consequences of organized crime such as drug trafficking, the shipping of illegal weapons and so on. Perhaps the only organizations on earth with greater power than the above organized crime syndicates are the international corporations of Western countries like Britain, America and soon. Many critics of these organizations (Chomsky, 2003) allege that the secret crimes of these corporations exceed even those of the drug barons. For instance, everyone will be familiar with the recent scandals of Enron, Anderson and Paramalat where billions of pounds were swindled by these massive companies. This white-collar crime was half a century ago hardly investigated and such crimes went essentially unnoticed. But greater public consciousness of the activities of these companies through the media has theoretically at least imposed a greater accountability and potential punishment for companies who exploit either their shareholders or their customers. This increased intere st in corporate crime has led in turn to the need for a vast number of criminologists to produce theories to explain the causes of such crimes and then strategies for their prevention. A further consequence of the media revolution of the past century and the changed social assumptions of our society has meant that the crimes of governments as crimes of power are now open to far greater than public and professional scrutiny and analysis than they ever have been before. Twenty-four hour television and instant access to news stories and the daily events of our political life have meant that the public can therefore criticise the crimes of their governments with greater ease than before. For instance, the vociferous protests in 2003 by citizens of Western democracies against the invasion of Iraq were due to the belief of those citizens that their governments had acted illegally and criminally in invading that country. Traditionally, such crimes do not fall into the sphere of cr iminology because of the numerous problems identified in the definition paragraph of this essay. However, criminologists, at least theoretically, and urged by famous opponents of the war like Noam Chomsky and Michael Moore, are coming to analyse and investigate the issues and theoretical difficulties of holding entire governments to account for committing crimes of power. Many of the principles used by criminologists to analyse the techniques and structures of organized crime indicates are being suggested to be transferred to an analysis of the crimes of government. The analysis of government crime may prove to be one of the most fruitful of the coming decades for criminologists. In this essay then, the term crimes of the powerful refers to such crimes as are carried out by organized criminal gangs (either national or international), by corporations, by governments, by powerful individuals such as corrupt magnates, businessmen and so on. Such crimes might include: corporate fraud, corporate mal-practise, illegal narcotics or arms; high-tech crimes such as computer fraud. It is necessary for the student of criminology to know something of the state criminal affairs at the end of the 19th century if he is to find a clear answer for the growth of analysis of crimes of the powerful in the twentieth century. One strong reason why analysis of such crimes was less in say 1900 was that many organized crimes did not exist at all. For instance, the use of narcotics like opium and heroin were widespread amongst all levels of society but legal also; the trade of these drugs were controlled by legally registered companies and there existed no illegal market for their production or importation. Accordingly, since these acts were not understood as crimes, British police did not need to analyse the behaviour or causes of these. Moreover, the size of the police force as well as its technical and theoretical know-how were far smaller than they are today in Brit ain, America, France and so on. Similarly, whilst many companies exploited the Victorian workforce, none did so in the systematic and pre-determined fashion that is characteristic of Anderson, Enron or Parmalat in the past ten years. Other crimes of the powerful like high-tech computer fraud obviously required no analysis or theory of criminology since they did not exist at all. Similarly, in James Smiths (Smith,1999, p44) memorable phrase At the dawn of the twenty-first century the Western world faces a plethora of organised criminality of the like that it has never known before. From the mass trafficking of illegal narcotics, to whole-scale prostitution, to high-tech computer fraud, to corporate offences on a giant scale, the police forces and criminal prevention agencies of the new century will meet challenges as they have never glimpsed in the past. And, a little further on, They will no longer compete against petty or isolated crimes of individuals, but against the sophisticated and organized attempts to make vast fortunes by systematically breaking the law. In this contest between law officer and criminal former is now far behind; it remains to be seen whether he will catch-up in the near decades (Smith, 1999, p44). Another area of rapid growth in crimes of the powerful has been the feminist critique of domestic violence committed against women by dominant males. Feminists of the last few decades have argued cogently that the term crimes of the powerful should include also these domestic abuses because of the patriarchal structures within our society that promote such abuses. The explosion of such feminist critiques flows from the fact that before this century there was no feminism as such, and domestic abuse was either not considered a crime or it was publicly invisible or ignored. The changing social philosophies such as liberalism and attitudes of the twentieth century gave birth to a greater consciousness for women and the refore greater demands for them for social and legal equality. This, in the 1960s and 1970s, leading feminists like Germane Greer campaigned for recognition of the domination of women by societal institutions and conventions that are massively weighted in favour of men. Feminist scholars and theorists argue that the vast majority of these structures and the crimes they inflict upon women are unreported; marital rape is the most frequent abuse, and nearly 80% of women in this predicament are abused repeatedly (Painter, 1991). A whole host of crimes committed by men supported by social institutions go unreported and unprosecuted. Some feminists therefore describe a fundamental imbalance in the power structures of Western society, and that agencies and organizations should be set up to combat and prevent this crime. In S. Griffins words: Men in our culture are taught and encouraged to rape women as the symbolic expression of male power (Griffin, 1971) and Brownmiller says eloqu ently that rapists are the shock troops of patriarchy, necessary for male domination. Some men may not rape, but only because their power over women is already secured by the rapists who have done their work for them (Brownmiller, 1976). This feminine critique therefore demands a considerable extension of the definition of the term crimes of the powerful to include all those thousands of incidents of unseen violence issued from an entire gender that has power over another. In this sense, arguably feminists have uncovered the crime of the powerful of all. According to feminists, the truths of this oppression has been recognised partially by criminological theorists by the tides of social legislation that have been passed in recent years to protect women from domestic violence. Nonetheless, say that criminologists yet lack a complete or detailed analytical theory of such violence; this itself being reflected by the dominance in criminology of males. In the final analysi s, the growth of the analysis of crimes of the powerful may be attributed principally to the growth of the number and types of such crimes and the subsequent need to investigate and prevent them. Some crimes of the powerful such as drug trafficking are nearly entirely new to our age, and criminologists have had to develop wholly new theories and techniques to combat it. On the other hand, entirely new academic critiques like those of feminism, sociology and psychology have identified and produced theories to describe invisible crimes of power against groups who before the last century had to suffer in silence. Criminologists too have had to swallow these theories and then learn methods and techniques to apply them to our modern world. Similarly, the rise of mass media and the extension of democratic institutions have enabled citizens with far better information about the behaviour of their corporations and governments; this awareness has in turn led to a consciousness of the s imilarity of nature between illegal crimes like drug-smuggling and corporate crimes like deliberately withholding medicines from the sick or the invasion of a foreign country. These new fields of investigation have given the criminologist much to think about. The student of criminology should not forget that the subject he studies had itself evolved over the last century to become a highly professional and international and therefore capable of greater levels and specializations in analysis than it could ever have been before. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Corporate Crime Definition Example For Free" essay for you Create order